Antitrust Practices and Market Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Antitrust Practices and Market Power - Essay Example Antitrust laws, frequently known as ‘competition laws’ are standards presented by the administration of U.S. to keep the shoppers from the negativities of greedy evaluating presented by the potential business mammoths in advertise and accordingly help in advancing free exchanging exercises the open economies. This paper will move in the ongoing antitrust examination against the mammoth web searcher Google. The Federal Trading Commission had presented the antitrust request against Google in October 2012 and prescribed the administration to totally sue the business mammoth. Such laws are commonly fused over firms that display monopolistic or oligopolistic trademark highlights. To put it plainly, the defectively serious market structures support the misbehaviors and administrations of expected firms in practically all modern fragments. Antitrust examination is the best battle against such sick practices. The issue of antitrust examination against Google incorporates the onl ine business industry (Lohr, 2012). Purpose behind Antitrust examination against Google The Federal Trading Commission (FTC) increased weight in Google for an antitrust examination and chose to sue the mammoth web searcher. The organization was professed to control its list items in a manner that would encourage its own items and make the equivalent hard for its expected opponents in the business. Be that as it may, the authorities of the organization had declared to reply and demonstrate its guiltlessness against any charges forced by the controllers. FTC has furnished itself with a group which would drag Google to the court whenever required. Beth A. Wilkinson was the lawmaker designated by FTC to battle against Google in the court. The European Union Commissioner have likewise asserted that Google is hoarding the online business and constraining other specific web crawlers and advertizes to abandon their organizations. Google has likewise been denounced for controlling its intern et business administrations results. It is additionally discovered that Google presents campaigning issues with PDA producers and power them not to expel the Google android working frameworks from their made telephones. The American Antitrust Institute (AAI) has likewise consented to the cases of FTC made against Google. This case is an ordinary instance of antitrust investigation that has been essential in light of the fact that the firm concerned (Google) just appreciates oligopolistic or monopolistic force in the advanced commercial centers (Cleland, 2013). Monetary and Non Pecuniary Cost because of Imperfect Competition The monopolistic and oligopolistic firms exist in business sectors where impeccable rivalry doesn't exist. The organizations in this sort of a market structure are not ‘price takers’ but rather are ‘price makers’. There are an enormous number of purchasers however just hardly any merchants in such market structures. In this manner, the c urrent makers in a blemished market have capacity to segregate the purchasers both in social and monetary grounds. The interest bend looked by these kinds of firms is descending slanting in nature (W. Shepherd and J. Shepherd, 2003). Figure 1: AR and MR Curve of a Monopoly or Oligopoly Producer AR, MR Price or Average Revenue Curve (P or AR) Quantity Marginal Revenue Curve (MR) Antitrust conduct of the organizations causes numerous financial and noneconomic costs. Flawed rivalry in the market is liable for wasteful allotment of assets, the monopolistic and the oligopolistic dealers regularly crowd their items to misleadingly expand the costs. Value segregation is additionally one of the mal rehearses

Informational Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concretization

Concretization As with pretty much every part of â€Å"developed† or â€Å"first world† culture, a haze of apathy goes with any call to a test. Despite the fact that finding a simpler methods for conquering deterrents has been established in human presence since we came to meander the earth, it shows up we have accomplished another degree of lethargy. Understanding conceptual philosophical or religions uncovers no exemption. To observe this one need look no farther than todays mainstream society. A fast Google search of â€Å"celebrity tattoos† yields as much as 54 million outcomes in a little more than 2 tenths of a second.Riddled among the picture results are incalculable crosses, Taijitu’s, words in Sanskrit and other philosophical or strict images. Perplexed among these are popular rapper â€Å"lil wayne†, entertainer Angelina Jolie and pop VIP Pamela Anderson. I don't really support presumptions, nonetheless, I trust it is protected to state th at these, among incalculable other, harbor images as a simple or thoughtless methods for pronouncing a commitment to a particular belief system. Moreover, a philosophy that know close to nothing or nothing about.I likely could not be right and maybe they are accomplished in the methods of their individual religions/ways of thinking yet would not bet on it in the event that I were a wagering man. Taking into account that Pamela is a veggie lover since her â€Å"†¦body is a temple† yet has had a not to removed history with pill and cocaine misuse may tilt the chances in support of myself. All things considered, it isn't simply big names who are concretizing dynamic and requesting ways of thinking, they are simply most promptly accessible.In todays first world nations, applauding a concretized image of a way of thinking or religion is a simple method of distinguishing ones self with the select gathering without trouble of really finding out about it. Similarly as understudi es are perusing the flash notes rather than the book or guardians are recruiting au combines as opposed to bringing up their youngsters (working/single guardians rejected), so are most people adopting a lazy strategy to their profound convictions. This is effectively done through making an image concrete.Consider the idea of yin-yang, a hypothesis of equalization speaking to male and female as one to delineate completeness. This is frequently depicted by the Taijitu image that most western societies know about. What is regularly hard to comprehend about Yin-Yang is that it is at last an instructing of magical dualism. This is to state that one is just as much itself as it is the nonappearance of its partner; light is only the nonattendance of obscurity. The idea appears to be basic while applying it to light and dull however with regards to inquiries of presence or awareness it gets hard to understand.Consequently, individuals, either because of sluggishness or obliviousness, append themselves to the solid image and the least difficult clarification to go with it. In this manner we see that the Taijitu, in western culture, has itself received the name the Yin-Yang or all the more ridiculously the â€Å"Ying-yang†. I have a companion who right up 'til the present time thinks he has a tattoo Yin-Yang tattoo. It’s a really theoretical and boundless idea to fit in the limits of ones skin; I’m not certain on the off chance that he even knows about the word Taijitu; I don’t figure I ought to inquire. The improvement of concretization, nonetheless, can't lay weight exclusively on the symbol.Symbols have been utilized to speak to religions, methods of reasoning and groups of numerous kinds for a huge number of years. Rather, I accept numbness, and besides the absence of inspiration to free oneself of obliviousness, is at fault. This has gotten progressively apparent in the modernized world we live in today. In when data, diversion and even food is negligible seconds away at the fingertips of most of the country, the idea of deferred delight gradually sneaks past the multiplied splits of our counterfeit society. I, as well, am liable of the act.When I went to military school in the ninth grade every cadet was liable for two sets of shoes, the dailies and the dress. The dailies were to have no scrape or tearing around the sole however would at last do the trick with a fairly dull completion. The dress shoes, then again, were required to be tried to please reflect finish; a feet that requires the never-ending spit sparkle of cloth and clean until the pores of the calfskin are filled. A general guideline is that one ought to have the option to recognize the whites clearly when they get to assess the shoe.After three hours take a shot at one shoe alone, an obscured layout of my face was everything I could make out. A more seasoned understudy heard me grumbling to my flat mate and dropped by to perceive what was the object. â€Å"I’ve been taking a shot at these all day,† I murmured, â€Å"this is impossible†. He grinned and turned as though to subvert my grumbling. â€Å"Delayed gratification,† he answered as he strolled off, â€Å"delayed satisfaction. † This was the first occasion when I had heard the expression. I found it and have kept it in the rear of my psyche from that point forward. In this inexorably quick paced world we live in, moment satisfaction is eliminating the idea of difficult work and reward.This remains constant in our way to deal with strict/philosophical convictions. We as a whole need to simply get it†¦ just understand†¦ simply be edified. There are those that reflect for 60 minutes, a day, a week and afterward are baffled and astounded regarding why they are not yet enlightened†¦ Or, they go get Yin-Yang tattoo and guarantee they are. Sadly a lot of today’s world spotlights on the straightforward, the simple and the mom ent and in this manner breed a great part of the lethargy and obliviousness that outcomes in concretization of the theoretical and complex.

Humanties 3 Discussion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humanties 3 Discussion 1 - Essay Example Also, center around the logical disclosure that came about to modern upheaval made consistent change on the predominant monetary structure in the western world. The principle thoughts and motivation behind the Neoclassicism were music and theater, which were either primarily or emotionless structure. Characteristics that are underlined by relating Romantic style were forceful feeling, deference of nature and break from comparing resulting unyielding structure (Janson and Anthony, 234-367). Craftsmen inside the Realist span for the most part passed on an open and target vision as to the contemporary life. Masterpiece from Neoclassicism is Painting that fundamentally compared with the basic eighteenth century illumination age and stretched out in the mid nineteenth century (Janson and Anthony, 234-367). Neoclassical artistic creation is fundamentally described by usage of straight lines, smooth paint surface, and insignificant use of shading, outline of basic light and relating particular, crunchy portrayal of the structures. Besides, Neoclassicism was for the most part reproduced from comparing techniques inside the Paris as to the fundamental history

Comparing Abortion in Morrisons Beloved and in America Today :: comparison compare contrast essays

Premature birth in Morrison's Beloved and in America Today   â â â â In the novel Beloved by Toni Morrison, the primary character, Sethe, carries out a wrongdoing unbelievable and boundless to the vast majority today.â She murders her own kid, her own fragile living creature and blood.â The foundation of servitude drove Sethe to make this extreme decision.â Comparing the circumstances of servitude to the present society is impossible.â Yet, we despite everything see moms murdering babies (or fetuses).â The issue of premature birth has been a steady in our general public for years.â Is the passionate battle to murder an infant made out of affection or narrow-mindedness?   â â â â The brutalities of subjection from which Sethe plans to spare her youngsters are complex in Beloved.â Sethe was living in a period totally unique in relation to our own.â She and different slaves experienced things that none of us would ever envision; having bosom milk taken from her own body, being whipped by a chokecherry tree to the point of leaving changeless scars.  Other savageries for Sethe are to realize that her companions were hurt.â Sixo was simmered alive and Paul A hung.â Paul D is bolted onto a chain for eighty-three days in a jail camp in Georgia.â These torments for her companions can be similarly as difficult for Sethe.â All in all the life of a slave is dehumanizing.â Constant covering up and being on the run pulls pranks on the brain of slaves.â Shown by Paul D in his most disheartening clash comes in contact with a chicken, Mister.â Humiliated by the way that a creature was strolling around with more force, he doesn't see how a creature can have a superior life, and spot judgment on a human.   â â â â During the hour of servitude the affection between a mother and her kids dims.â Through scars moms and kids were to have mystery relationships.â In Sethe's just memory of her mom she was acquainted with a scar underneath her bosom which could generally recognize her mother.â After her mom was hung, Sethe examined her body, yet couldn't find the image on the rotting flesh.â Imagining how these pictures plan a mind for a youngster, this memory would wound them for eternity.â These dismal rememories for Sethe are updates for her that she is living in an

Consciousness Essay Samples - Uncovering the Subconscious Mind

Consciousness Essay Samples - Uncovering the Subconscious MindA lot of students start out writing a consciousness essay. One major mistake they make is not knowing where to find consciousness essay samples. The tendency for them is to go to a college library to see what sort of essay they are writing. The only problem with this approach is that the professor will be able to tell when it is not one of his or her own.Before anything else, professors want to know why you are writing the essay. This will help them see how well you have thought about the material. They also may look for a number of techniques or ideas that you may use to add to your essay.Some people think that the most common way to 'use' the unconscious mind is to read out loud. What a lot of students do not realize is that, in an unconscious mind, voices, music, etc.The best way to use the unconscious mind is to find out what it knows and then find ways to bring it to the surface. It's the same concept as giving a coll ege student a list of facts. The professor will be able to see your research efforts and what you are doing to put information into the consciousness of the reader.When writing, I encourage my students to find ways to bring their conscious mind into play. This is what makes good writing a very special art form.So how can you get conscious mind to work for you? Well, you must first look at the problem you are trying to solve in the consciousness of the reader.Questions, for example, can be used to distract the unconscious mind. If you are working on a sentence, ask the reader questions about what you are doing. Make it look like the unconscious mind was making these questions up. The next step is to simply tell the reader that you have solved the problem that they were looking for an answer to. You can take an essay and talk about it in a matter of fact tone, using the unconscious to help you write.

Hult’s virtual career fairs connect students and employers across the globe

As a global school with students across five campuses in different regions of the world, we’re always looking for new ways to connect students and employers. And now – we’ve taken our search into the cloud with our first virtual career fair. More than 30 online events saw 1,300 students connect with employers from some of the world’s leading companies including Accenture, Bloomberg, Walmart, Johnson Johnson, Mars, and Henkel. Connecting everybody, everywhere The reach and scope of the online format meant the same opportunities were open to our all students wherever they were based. As one of our Master of International Business students in Dubai said, â€Å"I can get informed about the companies I’m looking for without moving outside the city I live in.† The aim of the fair was threefold: to provide early career insights for students just starting their program; to enable students to secure slots in global leadership programs and graduate schemes; and for students to showcase their interest and engagement to companies they want to work for in the live virtual chats. Interactive platform The range of companies represented at the fairs, the depth of the information they provided, and the interactivity of the events prompted one MBA student in London to conclude, â€Å"Its the best way to discover companies and interact with them.† Another MBA in Boston said, â€Å"It gives you an idea about the current job market and about what companies are looking for.† Companies gave detailed information on their employer brand to students – which type of profiles and skills they are looking for and what their corporate culture is like. One of our Executive MBAs joining from Dubai commented, â€Å"It was a great chance to get to know about the company culture, and career progression opportunities from people who are already working there.† Many of the companies attending were currently recruiting for global leadership programs, which they interview for a year in advance in order to secure the best talent. The fairs provided an ideal platform for them to give details on the programs and schemes available, for students to ask questions. They were also able to showcase their profiles for possible 1:1 interview follow up opportunities. Several students gained first interviews and have since secured offers. Directly matching talent with opportunity The virtual format of these fairs allowed for students and employers to network, connect, and exchange information across the globe in a very direct way. All students uploaded their rà ©sumà ©s which are now stored in the companies databases. These online events, organized by our Corporate Services team, are all part of our continuing mission to find new, better ways to match the right talent, with the right opportunity, at the right time. For us at Hult, and for the job market generally, this event showcased the possibilities for global job and talent search in the digital age. One Master of International Marketing student in Boston put it well when she said simply, â€Å"This is where everything is headed.† Explore the complexities and challenges of the marketing world with Hults Masters in International Marketing. To learn more, take a look at our blog Webinar: Hult’s Masters in International Marketing, or get into broader business with a Masters in International Business instead. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to explore everything about the business world, the future, and yourself. Related posts Academics Beyond (narrow) business concepts: â€Å"Soft† skills turn out to be critical skills News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

Marriage Is Particularly Among Poor, Poor And Poor Essay

Marriage is extremely common in many societies and is greatly looked as the only way to raise a family and have children. However, marriage is becoming extremely uncommon among the poor, especially poor women. Instead of getting married first and then having children, poor women tend to do the opposite; having children before marriage and then hoping to get married after the child is born. This line of thinking often doesn’t work and poor mothers and their children are stuck by themselves, using only one income to survive and still living in poverty. However, having marriage first and then having children can be a successful and significant way to help poor women and their children get out of poverty. First, it is important to understand why the poor do not get married in the first place. When Having Babies Beats Marriage, explains why the poor do not get married. The reasons being, poor people do value marriage like the upper class but they see it as unobtainable. As in the a rticle, When Marriage Disappears mentions that marriage is becoming unobtainable because it is only accessible to those with the material and cultural means to have it. Marriage now has perquisites like having high emotional and economic resources that many poor people feel like they do not have in order get married. Therefore, because they feel like they can’t make it being married with all these requirements, they simply do not get married. Men who are not steadily employed with a goodShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Human Right Violation that is Child Marriage1307 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage† a ceremony in which two people are married to each other†. To many people, marriage is much more than that, marriage is a happy ending, a way to be happy and stay with the person you love the most forever.Marriage mean a big wedding,beautiful wedding dresses, celebrate with your friends and families, a vow to love each other forever. 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The Voting Rights Act Of 1965 - 1575 Words

The Supreme Court of the United States has produced many infamous cases in its existence as a part of the three branches of government. It has seen many cases pertaining in particular to the Voting Rights Act initially enacted in 1965. There are two sections of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that are of particular concern in most cases, sections 4 and 5. Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act requires certain states, districts, and localities to obtain federal preclearance before making any changes or alterations to their election laws or practices (Overby). Section 4 specifies a formula for determining whether a geographical area is subject to section 5 (Overby). When the Voting Rights Act was enacted in 1965 it was originally restricted to five years. However, since then there have been multiple extensions. Congress extended it for the first time in 1970 for another five years, followed by another extension in 1975 for seven more years, and for another twenty-five years in 1982 (The Oye z Project). When the twenty-five year reauthorization came to expire in 2006, Congress yet again extended the 1965 Voting Rights Act for another twenty-five years (The Oyez Project). Since its passing and continuous reauthorizations, there have been many attempts to declare the Voting Rights Act, specifically sections 4 and 5 unconstitutional. A distinct case that warrants a closer look is the case of Shelby County v. Holder. Shelby County v. Holder reached the Supreme Court in 2013 and is theShow MoreRelatedVoting Rights Act of 1965766 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch topic is the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and I chose this topic because I always found it amusing that it took so long for African Americans to legally be allowed to vote. 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Reasons for Pursuing a Masters Degree in Special Education

Reasons for pursuing a Masters degree in Special Education Effective special education teachers are supposed to be good humored and organized. They should be people capable of accepting their students the way they are, even tempered, confident, intuitive and thick-skinned, optimistic, and dedicated to their students. The teachers should also be creative with their teaching methods (Webster, 2012). The coming into force of President Bush No Child Left behind Act in 2001 made it a requisite for schools and teachers to be accountable for how well their students were learning. Students progress in reading, math, science, and other academic content could now be measured through standardized testing. Test scores have been broken down to show how specific racial and socio-economic groups are performing with a view to preventing schools from teaching to middle class white children and leaving behind children from other ethnicities (Boe Cook, 2006). 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MBS Market in the US

Question: Discuss about the MBS market in the US? Answer: Introduction In the contemporary capital market, there is various investment option are available that are being engineered by the financial manager. Capital market gives the investors the opportunities to invest in several investment avenues like equity, debt, futures, forwards bonds etc. Since 20008, most of the investors worldwide have lost faith in the equity market because of its high volatility in the products (Chiquier et al. 2004). There are several marketed securities available for the investor one of them is fixed income. Fixed income securities is very much different from the equity form of investment because the borrower of which ha o pay the fixed payments on fixed rate on fixed period of time. The study will focuses on the market based securities and the fixed payment securities in US (Clemmitt, 2007). Apart from that study will also focus on the secondary research on the MBS via various capital market sites like Bloomberg. Literature review on Market based securities in US Since, 2008 financial turmoil, there has been several number of development has been made like reformed regulations, modifying the market structure of US and introducing the technological improvement in the capital market. There are several mortgage based securities are available in the US market. Mortgage backed securities are very much based on the loan. Initially, the banks or company uses the home loan then the bank sells the same loan to an investment banks or an agency like Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae (Fabozzi and Mann, 2005). The MBS is very much sold by the government agencies in US very much attract the investors because of the money back guarantee from the Federal Government. Thus, the investors rely on these back securities because the investors know that they are going to receive the hefty amount from money back by the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac MBS. Here the agency issues MBS and guarantees to pay the principle along with the interest to the holders of the MBS (Goodman, 20 08). Types of mortgage based securities With the help of types of Mortgage based securities helps the company to get in depth learning of the structure of US MBS market: Figure 1: Types of the US MBS market structure (Source: Green, 2013, pp-23) MBS market is very much complex and one of the most difficult structure of model was mortgage basic called pass through certifications. Here the mortgage holder gets the actual shares of its investment from principal amount to the interests amount. As noted by Furfine (2010), on the other hand, major or advance products are called derivate products. Derivate products are being sold in the secondary market on the basis of underlying value of the total asset. These are also known as the tranches which only is traded between 1-3 years of payments (Lea et al. 2004). Some of the investor sin US are very much willing to take the risk worth of 5-7 years of non payments and are looking for higher interest paid reward. The products can be of higher risk because the borrower may fail or not pay the interest amount (Nguyen, 2011). Mortgage based securities are being are initially introduced by the US in order to bring revolution in housing baking and mortgage business. This has helped the common man to buy homes (Stone and Zissu, 2005). In year 2000-2005, real estate is one of the booming industry most of the banks and mortgage companies has made the loan with no done payments has made the people to afford mortgages which really couldnt afford. This has tended the seller of loans that, they can sell the loans irrespective of the default in payments which leads to the housing bubble in US market (Tuckman, 2002). Fixed and variable rates of MBS are determined As noted by Manola and Urosevic (2010), Fixed rates and variables rates of MBS is been determined with the help of various factors. Fixed rate are been determined majorly on the bonds yielding of the bonds. The reason because most of the mortgages are been handled at once by anyone as in return the customer customers receive the mortgage money. Bank usually lends the money to the customers and sells back the mortgage to other investors with smaller returns. Figure 2: Fixed and variable MBS (Source: Antinolfi and Brunetti, 2010, pp-242) On the contrary, Zhou (2010), variable rates of MBS are based on the prime rate which changes as per bank to bank. Some of the major factors which may impact the MBS rate are because of inflations, growth and balance of import and export along with Foreign exchange. Raising the prime rate decreases the inflation are and also the growth. Variable rate =Prime rate Spread -30 days LIBOR= Discount Agencies offer the MBS in US As discussed by LaCour-Little et al. (2011), in 2006 there was housing bubble burst that leads to subprime crisis in mortgage industry which finally created 2000 financial crisis because of the huge losses. Some of the major agencies who offer the MBS are given below: Ginnie Mae: Ginnie Mae was the first company that has introduced the MBS in 1968 by the US government national Associations. Ginnie Mae is one of the governmental organization that issued the MBS back by the credit of US government (Ambrose and Sanders, 2008). Ginnie Mae is ben guaranteed payment of the principal amount along with principal has been one of the pillar of the constructs irrespective of the default in mortgage payments by the borrower (Lugo, 2014). Fannie Mae: It another major company who issues the MBS and are very much has ethical responsibility of the US government to rate the credit value of the mortgage. The FNMA (Federal National Mortgage association) is very much work on the basis of the treasury regulation of the money market guarded the federal bank of America (Antinolfi and Brunetti, 2010). Freddie Mac: It is stockholder owned government sponsored corporation that has been formed in order to enhance the mortgage credit and give quick liquidity. It is owned by the federal home loan Mortgage associations and has line of credit with the government of America (Cantor and Hu, 2009). Both of the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are being offering the high returns MBS in compare to the Ginnei Mac. Ginnie has lower credit quality in compare to the Both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Discussion on the Market Based Securities (MBS) Mortgage backed securities are very much similar to the fixed income trading. As per the report of Bloomberg , mortgage backed securities went wrong because of lack of transparency in the approach and complex structure leads to the 2000 financial subprime crisis in housing bubble burst (Mooradian and Pichler, 2014). The mortgage backed securities was initially authorized in 1968 as per the charter act. This carter act has been formed by the Fannie Mae. This has helped the banking sector to sell the loans and mortgages in order to create liquidity and give loan to others. Fannie Mae did not know that this ethical way of funding the people dream will lead to creates poor lending practices (Zhou, 2010). Most of the banks in US like JP Morgan Chase and Lehman brother are understood that they wouldnt have to pay the loan amount. Performance of the USD MBS Bonds As per the Bloomberg USD MBS Bond index are given below as per the 2014 report: USD bond Index Market percentage % Return on maturity 2.36% Return to worst 2.39% OAS spread 21.96% Average Life 5.22 Number of issues 473 Base currency USD As per the description of Bloomberg USD bond index shows that market value of the yield to maturity is 2.36% as per the Ginnie Mae , Fannie Mae and Freddie Mae combined ratings. These ratings of the US bond market very much shows that, US MBS is very weaker in performance after the 2008 financial crisis. There are numerous occasions where the number of average life of the MBS is around 5.22 years. Therefore there is no 1-3 year of the MBS currently in the USD market as per the Bloomberg report. Bloomberg indexes are very much gives the sum total of the world indexing performance as per the shares globally. Bloomberg indexes helps to meet the borrower and the investor needs of the MBS along with other financial products. The indexes of Bloomberg gives the investors world class data that helps them to compare and contrast the performance of the world-class MBS offered in US and other nations. Mortgage back securities performance in compare top world during 2008 crisis is given below: Looses faced by the companies during 2008 in terms of MBS Amount $, Bn Lehman brothers -18.1 Merrill Lynch -8.6 Barclays -2.3 Wachovia bank -8.4 JP Morgan chase -1.3 Bank of America -4.4 Citi Group -9.83 Graph 1: Looses faced by the companies during 2008 in terms of MBS (Source: www.bloomberg.com, 2015) During 2008, crisis as per the Bloomberg report, Merrill Lynch reportedly has been confirmed the net loss worth of more than $ 8.6 billion that broke the stock market down. Then there is collapse of the one of the strongest housing mortgage company Lehman brothers who have collapsed due to increase in the default in payments and price of real estate is being lowering done which lead to global catastrophe (Zhou, 2010). As per the bloom index USD MBS is been going through rough phase that point of time. During that period of time, MBS has been able to garnered controversy which tends to lend the subprime crisis. MBS is been one of the part of the subprime lending that start rooting the housing bubble bursts. Since then the government of treasury has changed the US MBS bond norms and brought more transparency and more of clear concept rather the complex structure which turns into the nightmare for the US and rest of the world (Lugo, 2014). Effective yield of US Bloomberg Index bond Name Values Change Effective yield US treasury Bond index 121.60% -0.91 1.58% US agency Bond Index 116.8% -0.44 1.45% US corporate Bond index 137.50% -1.10 3.11% US MBS bond Index 123.47% -0.45 2.36% Fund rate 0.9 Prime rate 3.25 Graph 2: Effective yield of US Bloomberg Index bond (Source: www.bloomberg.com, 2015) As per the graph shown the above graph, Bloomberg has shown that comparative analysis of the bonds and MBS which is quite blooming again. Among the bonds corporate bonds has high yielding which is currently running 52 weeks but the company is not been able to gain the large market share for federal reserves rates shows one of the major difference in the bonds and the MBS index. The yielded ration of MBS has been improved since 2008 that has now become 2.36% (Lugo, 2014). The Bloomberg report also shows that, most of the bonds which are being offered by the Corporate like JP Morgan chase and Morgan Stanley are some of the major bonds that have been growing compare to the other bonds. However, there is huge risk in the compare bonds ion compare to the MBS bonds which are much safer as the guarantor are the US government and agencies like Ginni Mae and Freddie Mac (Stone and Zissu, 2005). The Bloomberg report also shows that, MBS rate is still improving because of the backing and supporting of the bond by ensuring the money back guarantee by the US treasury. This has been one of the major reason for strengthen the MBS in recent times. US municipal bonds are being one of the major financial bonds that have been improving and US government is backing up strongly in order to gain the large market (Goodman, 2008). One of the most important part of the Bloomberg Indexes are being one of the global ratings of the bonds which is fair and are against the any of the influence. The data given in Bloomberg are very real and in reference to change in price, data and technology is known are helpful for the investors and private equity firm in their decision making where or not to invest in MBS. Mortgagee back securities is been one of the strong pillar of the financial avenues in US market because of its less volatility in nature (Clemmitt, 2007). The report of the MBS is basically calculated by the Bloomberg is based on the market place, fixed income security and sources of revenue of the MBS. Some of the major benefits of the MBS are given below: High Credit Quality: One of the benefit of the MBS is being it is very high quality debt as it has been credited by the government own agencies like Ginni Mac and Freddie Mac. It is been own and control by the US government who are responsible for payment of the principle and interest of investors (Ambrose and Sanders, 2008). Federal agency gives his nodding which is why it becomes one of the high credit qualities. Major MBS are AAA based bonds in compare to agency or corporate bonds. Attractive ROI: MBS is very much low risky affairs in compare to the equity or the other forms of bonds. It also gives the lucrative earnings because it is very much backed by the US government and are paid on the monthly basis. It is different from the other bond where the lump sum amount is being paid in compare to other bonds. Apart from that, this also gives the company opportunities to invest more than 2 years which leads the MBS to reach and attract the large audience (Antinolfi and Brunetti, 2010). Monthly based income: Finally, one of the major attractions of MBS is because of the monthly based payment which is why most of the investors prefer the MBS in compare to fixed income trading. The monthly income helps the investors to clear their entire expenses and becomes of the sources of incomes. However ,some of the major risk which prevails within MBS as per the Bloomberg are as the credit standard was low in 2000 leads the lenders to high risky loans instead of higher quality loans that remove their liability (Ambrose and Sanders, 2008). Besides that, there is risk in mortgage pass through because of the involvement in credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and other risk. The credit risk here shows that, uncertainty in the payments by the borrower how long they will continue to pay off. Mortgage backed securities can be frustrate the investors because of low interest rates. If the interest rates are being high then homeowners are going to hold the mortgages of the life (Lea et al. 2004). It gives the lower returns in compare to share or other derivates products. Besides that, Ginnie Mae sells minimum $25000 of the shares. However, Freddie Mac and the Fennie Mac MBS are being sold within minimum $1000. Lastly, the information from the Bloomberg shows that MBS is f ully taxable unlike government bonds which is not taxable (LaCour-Little et al. 2011). Conclusion: From the above study, it has been found that, MBS is been one of the major investment areas that has been offered by the US governmental agencies. Some of the major agencies who are into the business of selling of the MBS are Freddie Mac, Ginni Mae and Fannie Mae. The rate of variable and fixed MBS is different because of the external economic factors like Inflations, GDP and import and export and Foreign exchange. Apart from that, MBS is very different from the Fixed income trading because of fixed income trading is being paid off at once lump sum and the MBS is paid on a monthly basis. The above discussion has also concluded that, MBS is been one of the reason for housing bubble buret in US as because of the poor mortgage backed securities. Reference List Books Chiquier, L., Hassler, O. and Lea, M. (2004). Mortgage securities in emerging markets. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Financial Sector Operations and Policy Dept. Clemmitt, M. (2007). Mortgage crisis. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. Fabozzi, F. and Mann, S. (2005). Securities finance. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Goodman, L. (2008). Subprime mortgage credit derivatives. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Green, R. (2013). Introduction to Mortgages Mortgage Backed Securities. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Lea, M., Chiquier, L. and Hassler, O. (2004). Mortgage securities in emerging markets. [Washington, D.C.]: [World Bank]. Nguyen, T. (2011). Fraud and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis. El Paso: LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC. Stone, C. and Zissu, A. (2005). The securitization markets handbook. Princeton, NJ: Bloomberg Press. Tuckman, B. (2002). Fixed income securities. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Journals Ambrose, B. and Sanders, A. (2008). Commercial Mortgage-backed Securities: Prepayment and Default. SSRN Journal. Antinolfi, G. and Brunetti, C. (2010). Economic Volatility and Financial Markets: The Case of Mortgage-Backed Securities. SSRN Journal. Cantor, R. and Hu, J. (2009). Deal Sponsor and Credit Risk of Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities. SSRN Journal. Furfine, C. (2010). Deal Complexity, Loan Performance, and the Pricing of Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities. SSRN Journal. LaCour-Little, M., Park, Y. and Green, R. (2011). Parameter Stability and the Valuation of Mortgages and Mortgage-Backed Securities. Real Estate Economics, 40(1), pp.23-63. Lugo, S. (2014). Discretionary Ratings and the Pricing of Subprime Mortgage-Backed Securities. SSRN Journal. Manola, A. and Urosevic, B. (2010). Option-based valuation of mortgage-backed securities. Ekon. an., 55(186), pp.42-66. Mooradian, R. and Pichler, P. (2014). The Design of Mortgage-Backed Securities and Servicer Contracts. SSRN Journal. Mooradian, R. and Pichler, P. (n.d.). The Design of Mortgage-Backed Securities and Servicer Contracts. SSRN Journal. Zhou, T. (2010). Indifference valuation of mortgage-backed securities in the presence of prepayment risk. Mathematical Finance, 20(3), pp.479-507. Websites Fund, V. (2015). VMBIX Quote - Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund. [online] Bloomberg. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/VMBIX:US [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Fund, V. (2015). VMBSX Chart - Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund. [online] Bloomberg. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/VMBSX:US/chart [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Index, B. (2015). BMBS Quote - Bloomberg USD MBS Bond Index. [online] Bloomberg. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/BMBS:IND [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015].

Pre and Post Reconstruction Period free essay sample

Some issues raised were: a) How would the former states of the Confederacy be integrated back into the Union? B) What type of labor arrangements would replace slavery in the South? C) Would southern politicians who had joined the Confederacy be excluded from politics, or an even more important question, would they even be welcomed back to Congress and state legislatures in the spirit of reconciliation? D) How would the South, which had suffered the greatest damage in the war, be rebuilt so that it could prosper economically? ) How would civil rights be defined for the four million slaves who became free during the war? ) What roles would African Americans be able to play or be welcomed in the political, social and economic environment of the post-war period? G) What additional measures would be taken to ensure that African Americans were treated fairly and justly? While there were no decisive answers to any of these questions, each drew a range of responses from different sectors of American society known as The Reconstruction and is widely viewed as a crucial time in American history. History shows that American politics, society and economics underwent major transformations during Reconstruction and ACH of them was met with main opposition; thus, both radical and conventional strains dominated the era. For instance, President Abraham Lincoln signing the Emancipation Proclamation (see figure 1) (Library of Congress, The Sturbridge Lit. Co. , Cincinnati. Abraham Lincoln and his Emancipation Proclamation, CLC 888). Was viewed as one of the most radical and revolutionary acts in American history as it officially freed slaves.Additionally, President Lincoln comprehensive agenda/administration was in favor of reconciling the nation as quickly as possible and enacted many statutes, policies and laws toward those efforts. Backed by some of the new policies, statutes and laws, African Americans in the South began to vote in election hold elected offices, gain education advancement, rebuild their families and were also given opportunities to reshape their communities.African American efforts were further supported by social welfare reforms passed by the new southern state governments; many of these reforms resulted in making government responsible for some basic needs and outlawing certain exploitative practices. On the other hand, the basic economic system of the South, with wealthy whites holding power over blacks ND traditional whites, remained largely unchanged; in many cases, this power/authority relationship even intensified.Although, amendments to the Constitution clearly stipulated civil rights rules and policies for blacks, the federal government remained uncommitted to enforcing them. President Lincoln also advocated the 10 Percent Plan, which allowed southern state governments to reassumes control after just one-tenth of the 1860 voting population swore an oath of allegiance to the United States. Upon succeeding President Lincoln in 1865, President Andrew Johnson adopted similarly conservative policies.President Johnson quickly exercised his presidential powers by pardoning rebel leaders, allowed many of them to return back into high office, returned plantation land to its original owners and ordered former slaves back to work. On the other hand, the southern elite struggled to re gain political and economic power and had challenges with reinstating the Souths old class system by putting blacks back to work on plantations. Many northern politicians and industrialists supported President Johnnys endeavors. While President Johnnys policies ensured that most of the southern land confiscated during the war was turned to its former owners, many northern entrepreneurs quickly bought up other large landholding in the South. In the hope of reviving southern economies, federal bureaucrats helped to provide the necessary labor force; in areas occupied by the Union army, soldiers limited the mobility of blacks, forcing them to return to plantation work. The Freedmans Bureau also joined these efforts by negotiating labor contracts.Some of the new policies and the allowance of the elite to return back into politics enabled the enactment of a series of Black Codes designed to strip blacks of their citizenship rights. Furthermore, the so-called Black Codes, issued by southern governments in the rapid Reconstruction period, legally bound blacks to plantations under conditions much like slavery (Fran Kline 48-50). Therefore, a new era emerged called the Radical Reconstruction. Under Radical Reconstruc tion, a new cadre of Southern Republicans intent on reform emerged. These leaders enacted sweeping legislation to create a system of public education, a democratic state and local governments and make state governments more responsible for the social welfare of their populations. The Southern Republicans also enacted an ambitious project of industrialization in an effort to integrate the region into the national economy. These measures represented a substantial departure from the system of the old South; yet few reforming politicians were not able to go as far and to have as much effect as they intended.In addition, white Southern Republicans, who outnumbered their black colleagues, gave only window dressing like support to black civil rights, preferring to court Southern Democrats through moderation on racial issues (Former 364-41 1 Although, the Radical Reconstruction efforts were intended to redirect the southern economy, to provide for social mobility and to halt the return to the old plantation system. Ultimately, however, these policies intensi fied the Souths dependence on cotton as a cash crop and solidified the class divisions in southern society.Condemning Andrew Johnson and early presidential Reconstruction, Radical Republicans hoped to reshape the South into a land of industry and diversified agriculture. To these ends, Republicans poured massive amounts of money into the South to build railways, create infrastructure and develop improved cultivation methods. Ironically, these improvements bolstered the strength of the plantation system and swelled the ranks of the economically exploited lower classes. Railways allowed for the extension of cotton plantations into the upcountry and further west, onto lands occupied by subsistence farmers.Furthermore, new technology and the increasing efficiency of large-scale cultivation meant small farmers growing cotton for the market could not compete with plantation production. Falling deeply into debt, small farmers, both white and black, increasingly became wage laborers or tenant farmers working for large landowners. The industrialization of the South also brought large amounts of money into the hands of state politicians, which created many opportunities for corruption in state government.Ultimately, the outcry over this corruption and the ability of Southern Democrats to associate corruption with Southern Republicans undermined reform efforts. By the late sass, as the UK Klux Klan and other react ionary groups proliferated throughout the South, it was becoming clear that many changes Of the Reconstruction period would not endure (Treeless 49-92). Under the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant, who was elected resident in the election of 1 868, support for Reconstruction began to diminish as the United States turned toward the problems of westward expansion and industrialization.In 1 875, the Whiskey Ring Scandal publicized widespread corruption in government and led to moral outrage. More and more, the idea of reforming the South in the face of violent resistance by the southern elite seemed a distraction from more pressing problems. Consequently, when President Rutherford B. Hayes assumed the presidency in 1 877, he withdrew confederate troops from the South, thereby formally ending Reconstruction. Across the South, leaders rejoiced and African Americans, meanwhile, were left to fend for themselves in the face of a resurgent movement for white supremacy led by members of the UK Klux Klan. Similarly, poor whites remained on the lower end of a rigid economic hierarchy. It was only in subsequent decades-?as blacks built on the gains made during the Reconstruction years, as the Supreme Court revisited Reconstruction-era constitutional amendments and as the southern economy expanded with the help of Reconstruction-era industrialization that Americans began to see Reconstruction as an important period that laid the roundworm for subsequent change. Northern politicians still remained united in their desire to reconcile the country peacefully, but disagreed on the means.Industrialists hoped to rationalize the southern economy, while reformers wanted southern state governments to develop mechanisms for providing social welfare to their citizens. African Americans saw the end of the war and the granting of freedom as an opportunity to claim equal rights as American citizens, and they searched for allies among politicians and reformers. Most white southerners were in favor of a return the Pre-Reconstruction policies and opposed any federal intervention, movements toward reform or extension of civil rights for blacks.Many Of the social, economic and political reforms enacted in the South after the Civil War were repealed or rolled back following the end of the Reconstruction era. The southern elite returned to power, African Americans remained within exploitative economic relationships and blacks and poor whites again found themselves not allowed to be engaged. Reconstructions focus on the rationalization of cotton production through the development and standardization of new techniques o make that industry more efficient and profitable, the spread of wage labor, and industrialization formed the basis for the Souths post-Reconstruction economy.Furthermore, many of the changes initiated during Reconstruction set important social precedents that would be revisited in ensuing years. For instance, African Americans drew upon lessons learned during Reconstruction to argue for increased civil rights in subsequent decades; similar lessons would be applied by those in the womens rights movement, which had also been active during the Reconstruction era. Further, the deader governments definition and view of citizenship rights would provide the foundation for the dram atic increase in federal power in the twentieth century.There were also some additional important economic changes that allowed for social mobility during Reconstruction. Especially in urban areas, blacks became professionals and businessmen, forming the nucleus of a small but emerging middle class. Similarly, in railway centers and port towns, expanding economies created new opportunities for white merchants and businessmen. In rural areas, blacks and whites increasingly found work as sharecroppers.While sharecropping was exploitative and turned out to be economically unsustainable, for a period it did produce considerable levels of autonomy, thus providing a temporary improvement over previous labor arrangements; especially for blacks. While it would have been difficult to argue at the beginning of the twentieth century that Reconstruction resulted in a radical transformation of American society, by the end of the century it was clear that the period had laid the groundwork for such change.Nevertheless, the gains made during the Reconstruction era slowly but surely transformed southern society. In the years ahead, industrialization, wage labor, literacy, political participation, state social welfare and the exercise of black civil rights, all of which were built upon preceden ts established during Reconstruction, became features of the New South. To conclude, the Reconstruction era in American history may not have seen a radical transformation of the South, but it did lay the groundwork for planned change.

When the atomic bomb went off over Hiroshima on Au Essay Example For Students

When the atomic bomb went off over Hiroshima on Au Essay g. 6th,1945, 70,000 lives were ended in a flash. To the American people whowere weary from the long and brutal war, such a drastic measure seemeda necessary, even righteous way to end the madness that was World WarII. However, the madness had just begun. That August morning was theday that heralded the dawn of the nuclear age, and with it came morethan just the loss of lives. According to Archibald MacLeish, a U.S. poet, What happened at Hiroshima was not only that a scientificbreakthrough . . . had occurred and that a great part of thepopulation of a city had been burned to death, but that the problem ofthe relation of the triumphs of modern science to the human purposesof man had been explicitly defined. The entire globe was now to livewith the fear of total annihilation, the fear that drove the cold war,the fear that has forever changed world politics. The fear is real,more real today than ever, for the ease at which a nuclear bomb isachieved in this day and age sparks fear in the hearts of most peopleon this planet. According to General Douglas MacArthur, We have hadour last chance. If we do not devise some greater and more equitablesystem, Armageddon will be at our door. The decision to drop theatomic bomb on Japanese citizens in August, 1945, as a means tobring the long Pacific war to an end was justified-militarily,politically and morally. We will write a custom essay on When the atomic bomb went off over Hiroshima on Au specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The goal of waging war is victory with minimum losses on onesown side and, if possible, on the enemys side. No one disputes thefact that the Japanese military was prepared to fight to the last manto defend the home islands, and indeed had already demonstrated thisdetermination in previous Pacific island campaigns. A weaponoriginally developed to contain a Nazi atomic project was availablethat would spare Americans hundreds of thousands of causalities in aninvasion of Japan, and-not incidentally-save several times more thanthat among Japanese soldiers and civilians. The thousands who havedied in the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were far lessthan would have died in an allied invasion, and their sudden deathsconvinced the Japanese military to surrender. Every nation has an interest in being at peace with othernations, but there has never been a time when the world was free ofthe scourge of war. Hence, peaceful nations must always have adequatemilitary force at their disposal in order to deter or defeat theaggressive designs of rogue nations. The United States was thereforeright in using whatever means were necessary to defeat the Japaneseempire in the war which the latter began, including the use ofsuperior or more powerful weaponry-not only to defeat Japan but toremain able following the war to maintain peace sufficiently toguarantee its own existence. A long, costly and bloody conflict is awasteful use of a nations resources when quicker, more decisive meansare available. Japan was not then-or later-the only nation America hadto restrain, and an all-out U.S. invasion of Japan would have riskedthe victory already gained in Europe in the face of the palpablethereat of Soviet domination. Finally, we can never forget the maxim of Edmund Burke: Theonly thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men donothing. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought us into a warwhich we had vainly hoped to avoid. We could no longer do nothingbut were compelled to do something to roll back the Japanesemilitarists. Victims of aggression have every right both to end theaggression and to prevent the perpetrator of it from continuing orrenewing it. Our natural right of self defense as well as our moralduty to defeat tyranny justified our decision to wage the war and,ultimately, to drop the atomic bomb. We should expect politicalleaders to be guided by moral principles but this does not mean theymust subject millions of people to needless injury or death out of amisplaced concern for the safety of enemy soldiers or civilians. .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 , .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .postImageUrl , .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 , .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:hover , .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:visited , .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:active { border:0!important; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:active , .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9 .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2739a42fa8897ed7a3c508555ab08e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: media violence EssayPresident Trumans decision to deploy atomic power in Japanrevealed a man who understood the moral issues at stake and who hadthe courage to strike a decisive blow that quickly brought to an endthe most destructive war in human history. Squeamishness is not amoral principle, but making the best decisions at the time, given thecircumstances, When the atomic bomb went off over Hiroshima on Au Essay Example For Students When the atomic bomb went off over Hiroshima on Au Essay g. 6th, 1945, 70,000 lives were ended in a flash. To the American people who were weary from the long and brutal war, such a drastic measure seemed a necessary, even righteous way to end the madness that was World War II. However, the madness had just begun. That August morning was the day that heralded the dawn of the nuclear age, and with it came more than just the loss of lives. We will write a custom essay on When the atomic bomb went off over Hiroshima on Au specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to Archibald MacLeish, a U.S. poet, What happened at Hiroshima was not only that a scientific breakthrough . . . had occurred and that a great part of the population of a city had been burned to death, but that the problem of the relation of the triumphs of modern science to the human purposes of man had been explicitly defined. The entire globe was now to live with the fear of total annihilation, the fear that drove the cold war, the fear that has forever changed world politics. The fear is real, more real today than ever, for the ease at which a nuclear bomb is achieved in this day and age sparks fear in the hearts of most people on this planet. According to General Douglas MacArthur, We have had our last chance. If we do not devise some greater and more equitable system, Armageddon will be at our door. The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens in August, 1945, as a means to bring the long Pacific war to an end was justified-militarily, politically and morally. The goal of waging war is victory with minimum losses on ones own side and, if possible, on the enemys side. No one disputes the fact that the Japanese military was prepared to fight to the last man to defend the home islands, and indeed had already demonstrated this determination in previous Pacific island campaigns. A weapon originally developed to contain a Nazi atomic project was available that would spare Americans hundreds of thousands of causalities in an invasion of Japan, and-not incidentally-save several times more than that among Japanese soldiers and civilians. The thousands who have died in the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were far less than would have died in an allied invasion, and their sudden deaths convinced the Japanese military to surrender. Every nation has an interest in being at peace with other nations, but there has never been a time when the world was free of the scourge of war. Hence, peaceful nations must always have adequate military force at their disposal in order to deter or defeat the aggressive designs of rogue nations. The United States was therefore right in using whatever means were necessary to defeat the Japanese empire in the war which the latter began, including the use of superior or more powerful weaponry-not only to defeat Japan but to remain able following the war to maintain peace sufficiently to guarantee its own existence. A long, costly and bloody conflict is a wasteful use of a nations resources when quicker, more decisive means are available. Japan was not then-or later-the only nation America had to restrain, and an all-out U.S. invasion of Japan would have risked the victory already gained in Europe in the face of the palpable thereat of Soviet domination. Finally, we can never forget the maxim of Edmund Burke: The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought us into a war which we had vainly hoped to avoid. We could no longer do nothing but were compelled to do something to roll back the Japanese militarists. Victims of aggression have every right both to end the aggression and to prevent the perpetrator of it from continuing or renewing it. Our natural right of self defense as well as our moral duty to defeat tyranny justified our decision to wage the war and, ultimately, to drop the atomic bomb. We should expect political leaders to be guided by moral principles but this does not mean they must subject millions of people to needless injury or death out of a misplaced concern for the safety of enemy soldiers or civilians. .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 , .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .postImageUrl , .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 , .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:hover , .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:visited , .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:active { border:0!important; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:active , .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39 .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6031b0e39b72c7b9aa608541e939aa39:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hate Crimes EssayPresident Trumans decision to deploy atomic power in Japan revealed a man who understood the moral issues at stake and who had the courage to strike a decisive blow that quickly brought to an end the most destructive war in human history. Squeamishness is not a moral principle, but making the best decisions at the time, given the circumstances, .